Sustained-release preparations and method for producing the same

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to sustained-release preparations prepared by double granulation and methods for producing the same. The sustained-release preparation according to the present invention enables maintenance of effective blood concentration of drug for many hours via sustained release of the drug over 12 hours or more, and further its production is easy owing to convenience of process.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to sustained-release preparations andmethod for producing the same.

BACKGROUND ART

Sustained-release preparations are such pharmaceuticals as exhibitpharmacological effect over a prolonged time, unlike immediate-releasepreparations which exhibit the pharmacological effect immediately uponbeing taken. In particular, sustained-release analgesics can solveinconvenience of taking medicine during sleep in postoperative or cancerpatients suffering from a pain of medium level or more or patients whohave a serious migraine so that they cannot p to sleep. Lately, based onincreased clinical understanding of pains, analgesics have been used forvarious chronic diseases, and sustained-release analgesics have beenused widely for prevention of pain or for providing convenience topostoperative outpatients.

In general, in case there is no restriction to dissolution andabsorption of a drug at the gastrointestinal tract, blood level of thedrug is controlled by delaying its absorption via controlled-release ofdrug from pharmaceuticals. That is, in case of drug with high watersolubility, drug-including pellet is coated with release-delaying layer,or matrix tablet is prepared by mixing with hydrophobic material,leading to control of the diffusion of drug dissolved within dosageform, thereby imparting sustained-release property. Typicalsustained-release preparations include coated pellets, coated tabletsand capsules, and drug release through such preparations depends onunique property such as selective destruction of coating layer orswelling of inner matrix.

In case of simple matrix tablet, use of drug with high water solubilityis accompanied by problems, i.e. relatively large amount of hydrophobicrelease-delaying agent is needed, and the size of tablet as wellincreases in proportion to that. Therefore, recently, studies have beenconducted to modify surface properties of drug at molecular levelthrough application of solid dispersion. Particles of the soliddispersion system are prepared by applying heat to mixture of meltingadditives and drug or by using solvent that can dissolve two substancesat the same time. That is, in case of slightly soluble drug,bioavailability is increased by raising solubility through improvingwetting property of the drug by use of hydrophilic additives such aspolyethyleneglycol or polyvinylalcohol, while in case of hydrophilicdrug, sustained-release property is imparted by reducing wetting of drugthrough use of hydrophobic additives. As the solid dispersion methodallows modification of surface property of drug at molecular level, itis advantageous, that is, maximum effect can be obtained by use ofminimum amount of additives, and actual production is easy owing tosimplicity of process.

As preparation process based on solid dispersion, melt-extrusion andmelt-granulation can be enumerated, and the melt-granulation has beenknown as preparation technology for sustained release preparations. Themelt-granulation is a method where granules are formed by applyingphysical action to a mixture of drug, at least one kind of binders andadditives to allow melted binders to adhere to the surface of drugparticles. Detailed explanation thereof is as follows. Drug, at leastone kind of binders and additives are subjected to physical mixing,energy is added until the binders or additives are melted. Then, this iscooled to prepare solid mass, this is pulverized to desirable size ofpellets, the pellets were filled into capsule or mixed with additivesand compressed to prepare sustained-release tablets. Preparation methodfor tramadol-including sustained-release preparations based on saidtechnology was already disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,452. On theother hand, melt-extrusion is similar to melt-granulation, yet differsin that processes of melting, extrusion, cooling and pulverization arecarried out sequentially. Preparing process for drug-includingsustained-release pellet by said technology is disclosed in WO 93/15753.

Sustained-release analgesics developed so far as once- or twice-a-daypreparations are largely divided into matrix tablet using hydrophobicsubstance and pellets coated with release-delaying layer. U.S. Pat. No.5,849,240, U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,471, U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,467 and U.S.Pat. No. 5,965,163 disclose a method in which sustained-release granulesare prepared by melt granulation, and then prepared into tablet orcapsule type. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,599, U.S. Pat. No.6,290,990 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,335,033 describe methods wheresustained-release pellets are prepared by melt extrusion, and thenprepared into tablet form. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,887 andU.S. Pat. No. 6,306,438 disclose methods other than the melt granulationand melt extrusion for preparing sustained-release pellets. That is, amethod where inert beads were coated with drug layer, and then withsustained-release coating layer, or matrix pellets were prepared by useof binders such as wax and then coated with sustained-releasing layer,and a method where drug was dispersed in melted hydrophobic polymer andsprayed to prepare pellets, and a method of coating with melted wax formatrix granules including hydrophobic polymer and drug

According to said preparation methods, as drug surface can be coveredwith hydrophobic substances at molecular level, release-delaying can beeffectively induced by use of just small amount of hydrophobic additive,and the process is simple. However, majority of the hydrophobicadditives used in melt granulation and melt extrusion has property ofwax, thus the surface of particles prepared by cooling after meltingbecomes to exhibit adhesion toward another surface. Therefore, problemsoccur in actual production, i.e. reduced flow of particles at hopper,severe adhesion to punch or die at the time of tablet compression andincreased resistance at the time of removing tablet from tablet machine.Such adhesion problem can be covered to some degree by addinglubricants, yet the masking power is limited, thus the amount ofhydrophobic additives is to be limited. Lubricant is generally used in0.1 to 5%, at most, to the weight of granules. In case of usingexcessive amount of lubricants, release rate reduces, capping andlaminating phenomena occur during tablet process, while phenomenon suchas chipping and picking occurs in case of deficiency.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,104, U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,551, U.S. Pat. No.6,159,501, U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,322 and PCT/EP1997/03934 disclose methodsfor preparing sustained release pellets as multi unit dosage form whereinert beads were coated with drug layer, then with coating layercomprising alkyl cellulose and acrylic polymer. The prepared pelletswere filled into capsules, and effective blood level of opiate analgesicwas observed to maintain over 24 hours. In particular, U.S. Pat. No.6,159,501 discloses that release rate can be controlled by mixingimmediate-releasing uncoated pellets and sustained-releasing pellets andby filling into a capsule. On the other hand, U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,261and U.S. Pat. No. 6,249,195 disclose a method for preparingsustained-release pellets to obtain analgesic effect over 24 hrs, inwhich matrix pellet comprising gun, alkylcellulose, acryl resin and drugwas coated with acrylic polymer and ethyl cellulose. However, thismethod includes inconvenience, i.e. necessity of at least two times ofcoating and combination procedure of particles for later controllingdrug release and content, and exhibits problems that in case ofpreparations requiring large content, volume of total particles is to beincreased and further sustained-releasing property is to be reducedcompared to compressed tablet due to increase in drug release area.

The present invention was conceived to resolve the problems of theconventional techniques, and its object lies in minimizing the amount ofhydrophobic additives for imparting sustained-releasing property, andeliminating adhesion phenomenon of granules occurring during the tabletpreparation, thereby allowing the production of tablet to be easy.

The present invention relates to sustained-release preparations andmethod for producing the same.

More specifically, the present invention relates to sustained-releasepreparations characterized by being prepared from double granules whichare obtained by primary granulation of drug according to meltgranulation using hydrophobic release-delaying additives, and then bysecondary granulation of the obtained granules according to wetgranulation using hydrophobic wet-granulation material.

It is preferred that said sustained-release preparations comprise 0.5 to80% by weight of drug, 10 to 65% by weight of hydrophobicrelease-delaying additive, 1 to 35% by weight of hydrophobicwet-granulation material.

Said drug is not specifically limited, and for example, analgesic can beused. As an analgesic, tramadol, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone,diamorphone, alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine,benzylmorphine, benzitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazine,codeine, cyclazocin, desmorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine,dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol,dimethylthiabutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine,ethoheptazine, levorphanol, methadone, meperidine, heroine orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be used. Considering fromthe viewpoint of pharmaceutics, the advantage of the preparations of thepresent invention can be achieved more effectively for drug of whichdaily dose is 10 mg or more and of which water-solubility is 1 mg/ml ormore.

As said hydrophobic release-delaying additives, one or more ingredientsselected from a group consisting of natural or synthetic waxes, fattyacids, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid glyceridesincluding mono-, di- and tri-glyceride, hydrocarbons, hydrogenated fats,hydrogenated castor oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils, can be used.Said fatty alcohols, through not particularly limited, includecetostearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and laurylalcohol, and said fatty acid esters, though not particularly limited,include glyceryl monostearate, glycerol monooleate, acetylatedmonoglyceride, tristearin, tripalmitin, cetyl ester wax, glycerylpalmitostearate and glyceryl behenate, and said wax, though notparticularly limited, include beeswax, carnauba wax, glyco wax andcastor wax. Said hydrophobic release-delaying additives act a role ofsurrounding drug uniformly, thus use of just small amount caneffectively accomplish sustained-release property. As a hydrophobicrelease-delaying additive of the present invention, its melting point ispreparably 30 to 150° C., more preferably 50 to 100° C.

As said hydrophobic wet-granulating material, at least one ingredientselected from a group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fattyacid esters, fatty acid glycerides, preferably 50 to 100° C.

As said hydrophobic wet-granulating material, at least one ingredientselected from a group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fattyacid esters, fatty acid glycerides, hydrocarbons, waxes, hydrogenatedfats, hydrogenated castor oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, alkylcellulose and acrylic polymer can be used. Said hydrophobicwet-granulating material adheres to the surface of melt granules therebyto mask waxlike, surface property of melt granules, and to functionsecondary role in inducing release-delay.

In addition, the sustained-release preparations of the present inventioncan further comprise pharmaceutical additives such as diluents, binders,lubricants, etc. Said diluents, though not particularly limited, includelactose, dextrin, starch, micro-crystalline cellulose, calcium hydrogenphosphate, anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate,sugars, etc. Said binders, though not particularly limited, includepolyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, starch, sucrose, methylcellulose,ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylalkylcellulose,etc. Said lubricants, though not particularly limited, include stearicacid, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, etc.

In addition, the sustained-release preparations of the present inventioncan further comprise a coating layer including coating agent.Introduction of the coating layer enables easier control of drug releasepattern. The drug release pattern can be controlled by thickness ofcoating layer. Additionally, for the control of drug release pattern,the coating layer can further comprise release-controlling materials. Assaid material, at least one selected from a group consisting of sugars,inorganic salts, organic salts, alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose,hydroxypropylalkylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol anddrugs can be used. In case of sustained-release preparations to whichcoating layer is introduced, drug can be contained within the coatinglayer for rapid reaching effective blood level upon intake. Content ofdrug within coating layer is 1 to 50%, preferably 1 to 20% to total drugcontent of the preparation.

As said coating agent, at least one component selected from a groupconsisting of ethylcellulose, shellac, ammonio methacrylate copolymer,polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol,hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,hydroxybutylcellulose, hydroxypentylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylbutylcellulose,hydroxypropylpentylcellulose and Opadry (Colorcon Co.), can be used. Assaid ammonio methacrylate copolymer, for example, Eudragit RS™ orEudragit RL™ can be used. Coating with coating agent can accomplishcolor endowment, stabilization, dissolution control and taste masking.

Said coating layer can further comprise plasticizer, and additionallyinclude colors, antioxidant, talc, titanium dioxide, flavors, etc. Assaid plasticizer, one or more components selected from a groupconsisting of castor oil, fatty acids, substituted triglyceride andglyceride, polyethyleneglycol with molecular weight of 300 to 50,000 andits derivatives, can be used.

The present invention relates to preparation methods forsustained-release preparations of the present invention, comprising thefollowing two steps:

(1) a drug is mixed with hydrophobic release-delaying additives and thenthe mixture is subjected to melt granulation thereby to prepare primarygranules, and

(2) the granules obtained in step 1 are mixed with hydrophobicwet-granulating material and then the mixture is subjected to wetgranulation thereby to prepare secondary granules.

This can be described in more detail as follows:

First, hydrophobic release-delaying additive is molten or softened byaddition of energy (heat), followed by adding with drug and by mixing tohomogeneity. The mixture is cooled below melting point or softeningpoint of the hydrophobic release-delaying additives to form solidgranules. The obtained granules are pulverized to uniform size andscreened. Hydrophobic additives are added thereto and secondarywet-granulation process is carried cut thereby to prepare secondarygranules. During the secondary wet-granulation process, pharmaceuticaladditives such as diluents, binders and lubricants can be further added.Said secondary granules can be filled into capsules, or compressed intotablets to prepare sustained-release preparations according to thepresent invention.

In addition, said preparation method can further comprise a step ofcoating the secondary granules or its compressed-granule into tabletwith coating solution comprising coating agent. As solvent for thecoating solution to form coating layer, water or organic solvent can beused, and it is preferred to use, as the organic solvent, methanol,ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane or a mixturethereof.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a result of dissolution test for the sustained-releasepreparations prepared in Example 3 (▪), Example 6 (●), Example 13 (▴),Example 15 (□), and Comparative Example 2(?).

BEST MODE

In the below, the present invention is explained in further detailthrough Examples or Experimental Examples. However, the scope of thepresent invention is not interpreted as being limited to the specificexamples.

MODE FOR INVENTION EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 Preparation of Matrix TabletsIncluding Tramadol Hydrochloride

A mixture of glyceryl behenate and tramadol hydrochloride was heated to70° C. with mixing until glyceryl behenate was melted or softened. Themixture was cooled to normal temperature to form solid mass. The masswas pulverized and passed through 20 mesh. The screened particles weremixed with the other additives listed in the following Table 1 andsubjected to secondary wet-granulation. The prepared granules weredried, mixed with talc and magnesium stearate, and compressed intoadequate form to prepare tablets. Composition of the obtained matrixtablet is represented in the following Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

Glyceryl behenate and tramadol hydrochloride were mixed and granuleswere prepared by passing through only melt granulation. Then, accordingto the same method as in the Example 1, tablets were prepared.Composition of the obtained matrix tablets is shown in the followingTable 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

To the mixture of glyceryl behenate and tramadol hydrochloride, theother additives represented in the Table 1 were added and subjected towet granulation, and then according to the same method as in Example 1,tablets were prepared. Composition of the obtained matrix tablets isshown in the following Table 1. TABLE 1 Compara- Compara- tive tiveIngredient Example Example Example Example Example (mg) 1 2 3 1 2Tramadol 150 150 150 150 150 hydro- chloride Glyceryl 85 95 120 120 30behenate Eudragit 45 35 10 — 80 RS PO Eudragit — — — — 20 RL PO Hydro- —— 60 — — genated castor oil Povidone 17 17 3 — 17 Talc — — 3.5 14 —Magnesium 3 3 3.5 6 3 stearate Water* q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. Total 300300 350 290 300*removed during the process

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 Test for Effect on Surface Adhesion

Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 prepared the melt granules accordingto the same process by using same amount of melt granulating substance.In case of Example 3, adhesion property of the surface of the primarymelt granules could be covered through secondary wet-granulation, thusadhesion toward punch or die was not observed during tablet process,while the granules prepared in Comparative Example 1 exhibited seriousadhesion in spite of addition of excessive amount of lubricant,resulting in impossibility of tablet preparation.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 2 Dissolution Test

Release tendencies of the matrix tablets prepared in the samples 1 to 3,and Comparative Example 2 were observed by using USP dissolution testdevice. Time-dependent dissolution of drug was determined under eachtest conditions of simulated intestinal solution (Solution II, pH 6.8)and paddle type II, 50 rpm/900 ml. The result is represented in thefollowing Table 2. TABLE 2 Comparative Time (hr) Example 1 Example 2Example 3 Example 2 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 40.34 38.47 29.01 72.12 258.16 54.57 40.53 96.63 3 70.32 65.43 48.76 105.96 4 78.91 74.09 55.75 —6 89.90 84.14 65.77 — 8 95.63 88.02 73.27 — 12 97.98 90.58 83.01 — 2499.88 92.99 88.69 —

Based on the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmedthat, through melt granulation, effective drug-release delay was inducedjust by using relatively small amount of hydrophobic release-delayingadditives. On the other hand, since surface adhesion of melt granuleswas covered via secondary wet-granulation, preparation of tablets waseasy. The release rate could be controlled by the content of hydrophobicrelease-delaying additives.

EXAMPLES 4 TO 6 Preparation of Matrix Tablets Including TramadolHydrochloride

A mixture of hydrogenated castor oil and tramadol hydrochloride washeated to 75° C. with mixing until hydrogenated castor oil was melted orsoftened. This was cooled to normal temperature to form solid mass. Themass was pulverized and screened with 20 mesh. Particles passed throughthe mesh were mixed with the other additives listed in the Table 3 andsubjected to secondary wet-granulation. The prepared granules weredried, mixed with magnesium stearate, and compressed into adequate formto prepare tablets. Composition of the matrix tablets is given in thefollowing Table 3. TABLE 3 Ingredient (mg) Example 4 Example 5 Example 6Tramadol hy- 150 150 150 drochloride Hydrogenated castor 70 80 100 oilEudragit RS PO 47 37 37 Povidone 30 30 10 Magnesium stearate 3 3 3Water* q.s. q.s. q.s. Total 300 300 300*removed during the process

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 3 Dissolution Test

Time-dependent dissolutions of drug from the coated matrix tabletsprepared in Examples 4 to 6 were determined according to the same methodas in Experimental Example 2. The result is shown in the following Table4. TABLE 4 Time (hr) Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.08 43.06 31.66 2 61.56 56.41 45.05 3 74.32 65.93 54.65 4 82.20 72.3162.52 6 91.00 82.45 71.70 8 94.00 87.15 78.50 10 97.85 93.38 82.14 1299.01 98.05 90.74

From the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmed thatrelease rate can be controlled with the content of hydrophobicrelease-delaying additives.

EXAMPLES 7 AND 8 Coating of Matrix Tablets Containing TramadolHydrochloride

The matrix tablets prepared in said Example 3 were coated with acrylicpolymer mixture. The tablets were subjected to spray-coating in coatingpan with coating solution of composition shown in the Table 5, and driedin an oven at 40 to 50° C. for 12 to 24 hrs. TABLE 5 Composition ofcoating solution (%) Example 7 Example 8 Eudragit RS 100 2.48 3.34Eudragit RL 100 3.30 1.66 Polyethyleneglycol 4,000 0.50 0.50 Talc 2.482.50 Water 0.99 1.00 Acetone 41.65 42.00 Isopropanol 48.60 49.00 Coating%* 3 3*coating ratio to uncoated core-matrix tablets was represented by weight%.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 4 Dissolution Test

Time-dependent dissolutions of drug from the coated matrix tabletsprepared in Examples 7 and 8 were determined by the same method as inExperimental Example 2. The result is represented in the following Table6. TABLE 6 Time (hr) Example 7 Example 8 0 0.00 0.00 1 22.22 14.62 235.28 26.90 3 42.68 35.21 4 50.07 42.00 6 60.66 52.08 8 68.54 59.80 1075.21 65.93 12 79.75 71.01 24 95.90 88.32

From the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmed thatultimate drug-release pattern can be controlled by regulating therelative ratio of the two substances (Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100) whichform the coating layer and differ in permeability to water.

EXAMPLES 9 TO 11 Coating of Matrix Tablet Including TramadolHydrochloride

The matrix tablets prepared in the Example 3 were coated with a mixtureof ethyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The tablets weresubjected to spray-coating in coating pan with coating solution ofcomposition shown in the following Table 7, and then dried in an oven at40 to 50° C. for 12 to 24 hrs. TABLE 7 Composition of coating solution(%) Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Ethylcellulose 3.6 4.2 5.4Hydroxypropyl- 2.4 1.8 0.6 methylcellulose Castor oil 0.6 0.6 0.6Ethanol 46.7 46.7 46.7 Methylenechloride 46.7 46.7 46.7 Coating %* 8 8 8*coating ratio to uncoated core matrix tablets was represented by weight%

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 5 Dissolution Test

Time-dependent dissolutions of drug from the coated matrix tabletsprepared in the Examples 9 to 11 were determined by the same method asin Experimental Example 2. The result is represented in the followingTable 8. TABLE 8 Time (hr) Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 0 0.00 0.000.00 1 22.63 13.92 4.16 2 34.44 26.74 7.85 3 42.48 35.52 11.64 4 49.5642.21 15.27 6 59.02 52.52 21.57 8 66.61 60.10 27.38 10 73.37 63.32 32.6012 78.64 67.65 37.29 18 89.56 78.20 49.32 24 95.13 84.38 60.02

From the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmed thatultimate release pattern of drug can be controlled by regulating therelative ratio of the two substances forming the coating layer anddiffering in water-solubility.

EXAMPLES 12 AND 13 Preparation of Matrix Tablets Containing TramadolHydrochloride

A mixture of hydrogenated castor oil and tramadol hydrochloride washeated to 75° C. with mixing until hydrogenated castor oil softened.Then this was cooled to normal temperature to form solid mass. The masswas pulverized and screened with 20 mesh. Particles passed thrash themesh were mixed with the additives listed in the following Table 9 andsubjected to secondary wet-granulation. Thus prepared granules weredried, mixed with magnesium stearate, and then compressed to adequateform to prepare tablets. Composition of the matrix tablets is given inthe following Table 9. TABLE 9 Ingredient (mg) Example 12 Example 13Tramadol hydrochloride 150 150 Hydrogenated castor oil 150 150Ethylcellulose 62 62.2 Povidone 0.2 — Talc 10.2 10.2 Magnesium stearate7.6 7.6 Ethanol* q.s. q.s. Total 380 380*removed during the process

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 6 Dissolution Test

Time-dependent dissolutions of drug from the coated matrix tabletsprepared in the Examples 12 and 13 were determined by the same method asin Experimental Example 2. The result is represented in the followingTable 10. TABLE 10 Time (hr) Example 12 Example 13 0 0.00 0.00 1 28.2628.99 2 39.49 40.90 3 47.83 49.43 4 54.57 56.33 6 65.59 67.29 8 74.2675.40 10 80.71 81.68 12 85.92 86.39 24 97.46 94.59

EXAMPLES 14 AND 15 Coating of Matrix Tablet Containing TramadolHydrochloride

The matrix tablets prepared in the Examples 12 and 13 were coatedseparately with a mixture of ethylcellulose andhydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The tablets were subjected to spraycoating in coating pan with coating solution of composition shown in thefollowing Table 11, and then dried in an oven at 40 to 50° C. for 12 to24 hrs. TABLE 11 Composition of coating solution (%) Example 14 Example15 Ethylcellulose 4.0 4.0 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 1.7 1.7 cellulose Castoroil 0.5 0.5 Ethanol 35.4 35.4 Methylenechloride 58.4 58.4 Coating %* 6 6*coating ratio to uncoated core matrix tablets was represented by weight%

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 7 Dissolution Test

Time-dependent dissolutions of drug from the matrix tablets prepared inExamples 14 and 15 were determined by the same method as in ExperimentalExample 2. The result is represented in the following Table 12. TABLE 12Time (hr) Example 14 Example 15 0 0.00 0.00 1 13.95 10.78 2 27.19 24.453 36.19 35.14 4 43.27 42.97 6 54.54 54.99 8 63.27 63.79 10 70.10 70.8412 75.66 76.16 24 91.62 94.68

From the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmed thatsustained-release preparations, which exhibit sustained-release of drugover 24 hrs, can be obtained according to the present invention.

EXAMPLES 16˜21 Coating of Matrix Tablet Containing TramadolHydrochloride

The matrix tablets prepared in the Examples 13 were coated separatelywith a mixture of ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Thetablets were subjected to spray coating in H-coater with coatingsolution of composition shown in the following Table 13. TABLE 13Composition of coating Example Example Example Example Example Examplesolution (%) 16 17 18 19 20 21 Ethylcellulose 5.03 5.06 5.08 5.10 5.105.10 Hydroxypropyl 2.71 2.17 1.69 1.28 1.28 1.28 methylcellulose Castoroil 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 Ethanol 73.19 73.60 73.96 74.27 74.2774.27 Purified water 18.30 18.40 18.49 18.57 18.57 18.57 Coating %* 65.6 5.27 1 2 3*coating ratio to uncoated core matrix tablets was represented by weight%

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 8 Dissolution Test

Release tendencies of the matrix tablets prepared in the Examples 16 to21, and Example 13 were observed by using USP dissolution test device.Time-dependent dissolution of drug was determined under each testconditions of water and paddle type II, 100 rpm/900 ml. The result isrepresented in the following Table 14 TABLE 14 Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example

(hr) 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 34.1015.89 6.42 0.52 19.22 3.18 0.44 3 55.02 37.55 35.44 1.02 42.05 24.259.27 7 76.46 60.04 65.71 3.60 68.16 50.84 34.64 19 96.83 88.35 94.9014.64 103.43 101.97 80.24 24 97.78 103.11 96.97 20.19 100.09

From the above result of dissolution test, it could be confirmed that,according to the present invention, the release pattern of drug fromsustained-release preparations can be controlled via introducing ofcoating layer into uncoated matrix tablet such as the preparation ofExample 13.

From the results of Example 16 to 18, in which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as a release-controlling material, it could beconfirmed that dissolution of drug can be controlled according to thecontent of the release-controlling material. Especially, the releasepattern of drug was controlled by controlling of the ratio ofhydroxypropyl methylcellulose, a hydrophilic release-controllingmaterial, to ethylcellulose, a hydrophobic coating agent. It is becauseflux of external fluid into inside of matrix tablets is controlled bysize and number of pores formed in coating layer due to dissolving ofrelease-controlling material.

From the results of Example 19 to 21, in which the ratio of ahydrophilic release-controlling material to a hydrophobic coating agentwas fixed, it could be confirmed that release pattern of drug can becontrolled according to the thickness of the coating layer.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The sustained-release preparations according to the present inventionenables maintenance of effective blood concentration of drug for manyhours via sustained release of the drug over 12 hours or more, andfurther its production is easy owing to convenience of process.

1. Sustained-release preparations characterized by being prepared fromdouble granules which are obtained by primary granulation of drugaccording to melt granulation using hydrophobic release-delayingadditives, and then by secondary granulation of the obtained granulesaccording to wet granulation using hydrophobic wet-granulation material.2. The sustained-release preparations in claim 1, characterized incontaining 0.5 to 80% by weight of drug, 10 to 65% by weight ofhydrophobic release-delaying additive, and 1 to 35% by weight ofhydrophobic wet-granulation material.
 3. The sustained-releasepreparations in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said drug istramadol, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, diamorphone, alfentanil,allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, benzitramide,buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazine, codeine, cyclazocin,desmorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine,dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiabutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate,dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, levorphanol, methadone,meperidine, heroine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 4. Thesustained-release preparations in claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatsaid hydrophobic release-delaying additive is one or more ingredientsselected from a group consisting of natural or synthetic waxes, fattyacids, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid glyceridesincluding mono-, di- and tri-glyceride, hydrocarbons, hydrogenated fats,hydrogenated castor oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils.
 5. Thesustained-release preparations in claim 4, characterized in that saidfatty alcohols are one or more ingredients selected from a groupconsisting of cetostearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol andlauryl alcohol, and said fatty acid esters are one or more ingredientsselected from a group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, glycerolmonooleate, acetylated monoglyceride, tristearin, tripalmitin, cetylester wax, glyceryl palmitostearate and glyceryl behenate, and saidwaxes are one or more ingredients selected from a group consisting ofbeeswax, carnauba wax, glyco wax and castor wax.
 6. Thesustained-release preparations in claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatsaid hydrophobic wet-granulating materials are one or more ingredientsselected from a group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fattyacid esters, fatty acid glycerides, hydrocarbons, waxes, hydrogenatedfats, hydrogenated castor oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, alkylcellulose and acrylic polymer.
 7. The sustained-release preparations inclaim 1 or 2, characterized in further comprising pharmaceuticaladditives such as diluents, binders and lubricants.
 8. Thesustained-release preparations in claim 1 or 2, characterized in furthercontaining a coating layer including coating agent.
 9. Thesustained-release preparations in claim 8, characterized in that thecoating layer further comprise release-controlling materials, saidmaterial is at least one selected from a group consisting of sugars,inorganic salts, organic salts, alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose,hydroxypropylalkylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol anddrugs.
 10. The sustained-release preparations in claim 8, characterizedin that said coating layer contains drug of 1 to 50% to total drugcontent of the preparation.
 11. The sustained-release preparations inclaim 8, characterized in that said coating agent is one or morecomponent selected from a group consisting of ethylcellulose, shellac,ammonio methacrylate copolymer, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylalcohol, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxybutylcellulose, hydroxypentylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylbutylcellulose andhydroxypropylpentylcellulose.
 12. A method for preparing thesustained-release preparations of claim 1, comprising (1) a drug ismixed with hydrophobic release-delaying additives and subjected to meltgranulation thereby to prepare primary granules, and (2) thus obtainedgranules are mixed with hydrophobic wet-granulating material andsubjected to wet granulation thereby to prepare secondary granules. 13.The method in claim 12, characterized in further comprising a step ofcoating said secondary granules or its compressed-granules into tabletwith coating solution comprising coating agent.